LEW

 

Genotype:

Pigmentation genes: aa BB CC hhPP RR

 

Mhc: RT1^l(RT1.A^lB/D^lC^l)

 

Erythrocyte antigens: RT2 ^a RT3 ^a RT8 ^a

 

Lymphocyte antigens: RT6 ^a RT7 ^a

Inbr. Gen.: At Ztm (1998), F111.

 

Origin: Dr. Margaret Lewis from Wistar stock. To Bogden and Aptekman in 1954 at F20. To Silvers (Ss) and Billingham in 1958 at F31 (5). To Max from Ss via Ramseier, Zürich, to Han in 1973 at F58. Serves as background strain for many congenic strains.

 

Reproduction: Average effective breeding age of females 7.0 months; average litter size 7,74; productivity 0.46/female/week.

 

Behavioural Characteristic: Docile.

 

Tumours (Induced): Azaserine induces pancreatic carcinomas, the majority of which are acinar cell adenocarcinomas (26). Will grow lymphoma #8; MC-39, MLI, #7, and kidney fibrosarcomas; carcinoma #10 Lewis; and sarcoma #3 Lewis (16).

 

Other Characteristics: More susceptible than other strains to induction of autoimmune diseases, including experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) (10, 17, 28, 31, 40), adjuvant-induced arthritis (20, 31), streptococcal and Lactobacillus casei cell wall-induced arthritis (6, 7, 22, 37-39), autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis (19, 35, 36), experi-mental myocarditis (9), allergic adrenalitis (1, 25), allergic orchitis (24), experimental autoallergic sialadenitis (8, 36), and experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (23). One substrain, LEW/Mol (sometimes called Lewis resistant or LER), shows low susceptibility to induction of EAE. SPF conditions enhance resistance as compared to incidence in conventionally reared rats (18). Neonatal and weanling rats susceptible to Borrelia burgdorferi-induced arthritic lesions resembling those found in human Lyme disease (3). Major histocompatibility complex widely studied in LEW and in its congenics (2, 11-13, 21, 28, 34, 42). RT6 also characterized (43,44, 45, 46, 47). About half of females sensitized against H-Y antigen accept skin from neonatal, syngeneic males. About half of these will subsequently accept skin from adult males (33). High antibody response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin (41). Animals become obese on a high fat diet (32). Effect of phenobarbital on hepatic metabolism of aniline and ethylmorphine discussed by Page and Vesell (30). Glomerular filtration rate (gfr) and renal plasma flow (rpf) compared in several inbred strains. Gfr of LEW/Ztm, 2.29 ml/min; rpf, 4.36 ml/min (14). Hematological parameters and their relation to diet described by Hackbarth et al. (15) for LEW/Ztm and several other inbred strains. Genetic marker profile described by Bender et al. (1994) (4).

 

References:

 

1. Andrada, J. A., F. R. Skelton, E. C. Andrada, F. Milgrom, and E. Witebsky. 1968. Experimental autoimmune adrenalitis in rats. Lab. Invest. 19: 460 465.

 

2. Armerding, D., D. H. Katz, and B. Benacerraf. 1974. Immune response genes in inbred rats. I. Analysis of responder status to synthetic polypeptides and low doses of bovine serum albumin.

 

3. Barthold, S.W., K. D. Moody, G. A. Terwilliger, R. O. Jacoby, and A. C. Steere. 1988. An animal model for Lyme arthritis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 539:264 273.

 

4. Bender, K., P. Balogh, M.F. Bertrand, M. den Bieman, O. van Deimling, S. Eghtessadi, G.A. Gutman, H. J. Hedrich, S.V. Kluge, K. Matsumoto, D.H. Moralejo, M. Nagel, A. Portal, C.-M. Prokop, R.T. Seibert and L.F.M. van Zutphen. 1994. Genetic characterization of inbred strains of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). I. Exp. Anim. Sci. 36: 151-166.

 

5. Billingham, R. E. and W. K. Silvers. 1959. Inbred animals and tissue transplantation immunity. Transplant. Bull. 6: 399 406.

 

6. Clark, R. L., J. T. Cuttino, S. K. Anderle, W. J. Cromartie, and J. H. Schwab. 1979. Radiologic analysis of arthritis in rats after systemic injection of streptococcal cell walls. Arthritis Rheum. 22: 25 35.

 

7. Cromartie, W. J., J. C. Craddock, J. H. Schwab, S. K. Anderle, and C. H. Yang. 1977. Arthritis in rats after systemic injection of streptococcal cells or cell walls. J. Exp. Med. 146: 1585 1602.

 

8. Cutler, L. S., D. Bullis, and D. L. Greiner. 1987. Experimental autoallergic sialadenitis in the LEW rat: A reproducible animal model of Sjogren's syndrome. Transplant. Proc. 19: 3196 3198.

 

9. Friedman, I., N. Ron, A. Laufer, and A. M. Davies. 1970. Experimental myocarditis: Enhance-ment by the use of pertussis vaccine in Lewis rats. Experientia 26: 1143 1145.

 

10. Gasser, D. L., J. Palm, and N. K. Gonatas. 1975. Genetic control of susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. J. Immunol. 115: 431 433.

 

11. Günther, E. and E. Rüde. 1975. Genetic complementation of histocompatibility-linked Ir genes in the rat. J. Immunol. 115: 1387 1393.

 

12. Günther, E., E. Rüde, and O. Stark. 1972. Antibody response in rats to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A--L genetically linked to the major histocompatibility system. Eur. J. Immunol. 2: 151 155.

 

13. Günther, E., E. Rüde, M. Meyer-Delius, and O. Stark. 1973. Immune-response genes linked to the major histocompatibility system in the rat. Transplant. Proc. 5: 1467 1469.

 

14. Hackbarth, H., E. Baunack, and M. Winn. 1981. Strain differences in kidney function of inbred rats: 1. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Lab. Anim. (London) 15: 125 128.

 

15. Hackbarth, H., K. Burow, and G. Schimansky. 1983. Strain differences in inbred rats: Influence of strain and diet on haematological traits. Lab. Anim. (London) 17: 7 12.

 

16. Hansen, C. T., F. J. Judge, and R. A. Whitney. 1973. Catalogue of NIH Rodents. DHEW Publ. No. 74 606. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, D.C.

 

17. Hughes, R. A. C. and J. Stedronska. 1973. The susceptibility of rat strains to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Immunology 24: 879 884.

 

18. Källen, B. and L. Lögdberg. 1982. Low susceptibility to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a substrain of the otherwise susceptible Lewis rat. Eur. J. Immunol. 12: 596 599.

 

19. Kelchner, J., J. R. McIntosh, E. Boedecker, S. Guggenheim, and R. M. McIntosh. 1976. Experimental autologous immune deposit nephritis in rats associated with mercuric chloride administration. Experientia 32: 1204 1208.

 

20. Koga, T., C. M. Pearson, T. Narita, and S. Kotani. 1973. Polyarthritis induced in the rat with cell walls from several bacteria and two Streptomyces species. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 143: 824 827.

 

21. Kunz, H. W. and T. J. Gill III. 1974. Genetic studies in inbred rats. I. Two new histocompatibility alleles. J. Immunogenet. 1: 413 420.

 

22. Lehman, T. J. A., J. B. Allen, P. H. Plotz, and R. L. Wilder. 1983. Polyarthritis in rats following the systemic injection of Lactobacilus casei cell walls in aqueous suspension. Arthritis Rheum. 26: 1259 1265.

 

23. Lennon, V. A., J. M. Lindstrom, and M. E. Seybold. 1975. Experimental autoimmune myasthenia: A model of myasthenia gravis in rats and guinea pigs. J. Exp. Med. 141: 1365 1375.

 

24. Levine, S. and R. Sowinski. 1970. Allergic inflammation, infarction and induced localization in the testes. Am. J. Pathol. 59: 437 451.

 

25. Levine, S. and E. J. Wenk. 1968. The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. Am. J. Pathol. 52: 41 53.

 

26. Longnecker, D. S. 1981. Pancreatic carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 105: 94 96.

 

27. Luderer, A. A., P. H. Maurer, and R. T. Woodland. 1976. Genetic control of the immune response in rats to the known sequential polypeptide (Tyr-Glu-Ala-Gly)n. I. Antibody responses. J. Immunol. 117: 1079 1084.

 

28. McFarlin, D. E., S. C.-L. Hsu, S. B. Slemenda, S. C.-H. Chou, and R. F. Kibler. 1975. The immune response against an encephalitogenic fragment of guinea pig basic protein in the Lewis and Brown Norway strains of rat. J. Immunol. 115: 1456 1458.

 

29. Morris, H. P., B. P. Wagner, and D. R. Meranze. 1970. Transplantable adenocarcinomas of the rat kidney possessing different growth rates. Cancer Res. 30: 1362 1369.

 

30. Page, J. G. and E. S. Vesell. 1969. Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway rat before and after pretreatment with phenobarbital. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 131: 256 261.

 

31. Perlík, F. and Z. Zídeck. 1974. The susceptibility of several inbred strains of rats to adjuvant-induced arthritis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Z.Immunitätsforsch. Exp. Klin. Immunol. 147: 191 193.

 

32. Schemmel, R., O. Mickelsen, and J. L. Gill. 1970. Dietary obesity in rats: Body weight and body fat accretion in seven strains of rats. J. Nutr. 100: 1041 1048.

 

33. Silvers, W. K. and N. H. Collins. 1979. The behavior of H-Y-incompatible neonatal skin grafts in rats. Transplantation 28: 57 59.

 

34. Stark, O., V. Kren, and E. Günther. 1971. RtH-1 antigens in 39 rat strains and six congenic lines. Transplant. Proc. 3: 165 168.

 

35. Stenglein, B., G. H. Thoenes, and E. Günther. 1975. Genetically controlled autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis in rats. J. Immunol. 115: 895 897.

 

36. White, S. C. and G. W. Casarett. 1974. Induction of experimental autoallergic sialadenitis. J. Immunol. 112: 178 185.

 

37. Wilder, R. L., G. B. Calandra, A. J. Garvin, K. D. Wright, and C. T. Hansen. 1982. Strain and sex variation in the susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis in the rat. Arthritis Rheum. 25: 1064 1072.

 

38. Wilder, R. L., J. B. Allen, L. M. Wahl, G. B. Calandra, and S. M. Wahl. 1983. The pathogenesis of group A streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis in the rat: Comparative studies in arthritis resistant and susceptible inbred rat strains. Arthritis Rheum. 26: 1442 1451.

 

39. Wilder, R. L., J. B. Allen, and C. Hansen. 1987. Thymus-dependent and -independent regulation of Ia antigen expression in situ by cells in the synovium of rats with streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. Differences in site and intensity of expression in euthymic, athymic, and cyclosporin A-treated LEW and F344 rats. J. Clin. Invest. 79: 1160 1171.

 

40. Willenborg, D. O. 1979. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat: Studies on the mechanism of recovery from disease and acquired resistance to reinduction. J. Immunol. 123: 1145 1150.

 

41. Williams, R. M., M. J. Moore, and B. Benacerraf. 1973. Genetic control of thymus-derived cell function. III. DNA synthetic responses of rat lymph node cells stimulated in culture with concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. J. Immunol. 111: 1571 1578.

 

42. Würzburg, U., H. Schütt-Gerowitt, and K. Rajewsky. 1973. Characterization of an immune response gene in rats. Eur. J. Immunol. 3: 762 766.

 

43. Ernst, D. N. and D. M. Lubaroff. 1984. Membrane antigen phenotype of sensitized T lymphocytes mediating tuberculin-delayed hypersensitivity in rats. Cell. Immunol. 88: 436 452.

 

44. Ernst, D. N., J. D. Kennedy, M. V. Hobbs, E. L. Morgan, W. O. Weigle, and D. M. Lubaroff. 1984. Potentiation of the rat delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction by the Fc portion of human IgG1. Cell. Immunol. 89: 445 457.

 

45. Hunt, H. D. and D. M. Lubaroff. 1985. Interaction of T lymphocyte subpopulations bearing the RT6 alloantigen. Transplant. Proc. 17: 1861 1863.

 

46. Hunt, H. D. and D. M. Lubaroff. 1987. Changes in membrane antigen phenotype of T cells during lectin activation. Transplant. Proc. 19: 3179 3180.

 

47. Kennedy, J. D., D. N. Ernst, and D. M. Lubaroff. 1987. Investigation of T cells participating in the induction and regulation of delayed hypersensitivity reactions as identified by the expression of the RT6 alloantigen. Transplant. Proc. 19: 3181 3183.